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	Experimenting with an Ubiquitous Computing Open Architecture
Author(s):	Alessandro Pollini
Year:	2008
Abstract:	This thesis describes the relation between software architectural development and use practices in the field of Ubiquitous Computing. The main objective is the evaluation of an open software architecture that addresses palpable use of technology, i.e. assemblability, adaptability, resource awareness and experimentability. It focuses on middleware architecture for managing, using and controlling distributed, networked and embedded computational resources. The rationale of this work stems from the fact that current Ubiquitous Computing systems are designed for invisibility, automation and scalability. Despite this assumption was part of the initial fascinating vision of Ubiquitous Computing, it has rarely been accompanied by the concrete possibility for the end-users to understand, control, adapt and customize technology. The assumption behind this research is that the multitudes of interconnected devices may rely on a common enabling software architecture, and this has to be designed according to end-users' needs. This work attempts to understand and evaluate the architectural mechanisms required by usable ubiquitous technology. We study if and how palpable computing might support the peculiar challenges posed by the psychomotor therapy in the water for children with special needs. This is done through the Active Surfaces case study. Active Surfaces is a distributed, embedded and modular system developed to support the therapists for the intervention with disabled children. The research is described in five steps. First the notion of palpability of UbiComp technology is introduced and discussed through the description of architectural qualities. The second step is the understanding of the implications the case study may have, and the current practices of the therapists are analysed. The third and fourth steps are the design and prototyping of Active Surfaces. The development of the open architecture; the different architectural and application prototypes are described. The fifth step is represented by the experimentations. The experimental plan, the methods and the results are described for both the software performance testing and the user testing. The approach followed integrates ethnographic methods, interaction design and software architecture engineering as different strands that are interwoven in the iterative research process.
BibTeX:	@PhdThesis{pollini2008thesis, title = "Experimenting with an Ubiquitous Computing Open Architecture", author = "Alessandro Pollini", note = "\url{http://www.ist-palcom.org/publications/files/PhD-Thesis-Pollini.pdf}", institution = "University of Siena", year = "2008", }
	Making the future palpable: Notes from a major incident Future Laboratory Journal paper
Author(s):	Monika Büscher, Margit Kristensen, Preben Holst Mogensen
Year:	2008
Abstract:	Abstract will be uploaded when the article has been published (Spring/Summer 2008)
BibTeX:	@Article{bkm2008incidentsfuturelab, title = "Making the future palpable: Notes from a major incident Future Laboratory Journal paper", author = "Monika Büscher and Margit Kristensen and Preben Holst Mogensen", journal = "International Journal of Emergency Management", year = "2008", }
	Configuring user-designer relations: Interdisciplinary perspectives.
Author(s):	Alex Voß, Mark Hartswood, Kate Ho, Rob Procter, Mark Rouncefield, Roger Slack, Monika Büscher
Year:	2007
Abstract:	‘User-designer relations’ concerns the sorts of working relationships that arise between developers and end users of IT products - the different ways designers of IT products seek to engage with users, and the ways users seek to influence product design. It is through the shifting patterns of these relations that IT products are realised. Although it has generally been accepted that achieving better user-designer relations will improve the quality of IT products, there has been little consensus on how this might be achieved. This book aims to deepen our understanding of the relationships between users and designers both as they emerge in the wild and as a consequence of our attempts to intervene. Through a series of case studies the book juxtaposes in-depth explorations of different perspectives and approaches to thinking about - and doing - user-designer relations, considering important implications for design and computer science more generally.
BibTeX:	@Book{Springer Verlag, title = "Configuring user-designer relations: Interdisciplinary perspectives.", author = "Alex Voß and Mark Hartswood and Kate Ho and Rob Procter and Mark Rouncefield and Roger Slack and Monika Büscher", year = "2007", }
	A Survey of Service Composition Mechanisms in Ubiquitous Computing
Author(s):	Jeppe Brønsted, Klaus Marius Hansen, Mads Ingstrup
Year:	2007
Abstract:	Composition of services, i.e., providing new services by combining existing ones, is an idea pervading ubiquitous computing. We surveyed the field by looking at what features are actually present in technologies that support service composition in some form. Condensing this into a list of features allowed us to discuss the qualitative merits and drawbacks of various approaches to service composition, focusing in particular on usability, adaptability and efficiency. Moreover, we found that further research is needed into quality-of-service assurance of composites and into contingency management for composites—one of the concerns differentiating service composition in ubiquitous computing from its counterpart in less dynamic settings.
BibTeX:	@Misc{brønsted2007, title = "A Survey of Service Composition Mechanisms in Ubiquitous Computing", author = "Jeppe Brønsted and Klaus Marius Hansen and Mads Ingstrup", howpublished = "Workshop on Requirements and Solutions for Pervasive Software Infrastructures", year = "2007", }
	What are we interacting with ? : Architectural Reflection for Technical Translucence in Ubiquitous Computing
Author(s):	Mads Ingstrup, Paul Dourish
Year:	2007
Abstract:	A number of researchers have observed that ubiquitous applications pose new challenges to usability because their locus of interaction has moved away from the traditional computer desktop and been distributed through the everyday world. We argue that the distributed nature of ubicomp infrastructure also poses interaction challenges. Ubicomp systems are made up of collections of components only some of which the user may have access to or be able to control. We propose a solution to this problem based on architectural reflection, essentially making aspects of a system’s architecture visible in its interaction model, an approach we label “technical translucence.” We present a case study in which architectural reflection is used to give insight into and control over privacy in a distributed, location-based system.
BibTeX:	@Misc{ingstrup2007b, title = "What are we interacting with ? : Architectural Reflection for Technical Translucence in Ubiquitous Computing", author = "Mads Ingstrup and Paul Dourish", howpublished = "Workshop on Designing for Palpability at Pervasive 2007", year = "2007", }
	Inspecting Abstractions as a means to palpability of programs
Author(s):	Mads Ingstrup, Jesper Wolff Olsen
Year:	2007
Abstract:	Palpability comprises both mental and physical apprehensibility. We describe how reflection can enable programs to be self-documenting. We describe how programs are made of abstractions, how such abstractions can be inspected and how they can be meaningful and not-too-complex for users. We exemplify our approach using the architectural concept of a connector.
BibTeX:	@Misc{ingstrup2007a, title = "Inspecting Abstractions as a means to palpability of programs", author = "Mads Ingstrup and Jesper Wolff Olsen", howpublished = "Workshop on Designing for Palpability at Pervasive 2007", year = "2007", }
	The JastAdd Extensible Java Compiler
Author(s):	Torbjörn Ekman, Görel Hedin
Year:	2007
Abstract:	The JastAdd Extensible Java Compiler is a high quality Java compiler that is easy to extend in order to build static analysis tools for Java, and to extend Java with new language constructs. It is built modularly, with a Java 1.4 compiler that is extended to a Java 5 compiler. Example applications that are built as extensions include an alternative backend that generates Jimple, an extension of Java with AspectJ constructs, and the implementation of a pluggable type system for non-null checking and inferenc. The system is implemented using JastAdd, a declarative Java-like language. We describe the compiler architecture, the major design ideas for building and extending the compiler, in particular, for dealing with complex extensions that affect name and type analysis. Our extensible compiler compares very favorably concerning quality, speed and size with other extensible Java compiler frameworks. It also compares favorably in quality and size compared with traditional non-extensible Java compilers, and it runs within a factor of three compared to javac.
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{ekman-oopsla07, title = "The JastAdd Extensible Java Compiler", author = "Torbjörn Ekman and Görel Hedin", pages = "1-18", booktitle = "OOPSLA '07: Proceedings of the 22nd annual ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object oriented programming systems and applications", address = "Montreal, Quebec, Canada", year = "2007", }
	Explicit Interaction for Surgical Rehabilitation
Author(s):	Tomas Sokoler, Jonas Löwgren, Mette Agger Eriksen, Per Linde, Stefan Olofsson
Year:	2007
Abstract:	We discuss the design ideal of explicit interaction, which is a way to approach the dimensions of explicitness versus ambience and explicitness versus obtrusiveness in ubiquitous computing. Explicit interaction refers to interaction techniques designed to make actions and intentions visible, understandable and accountable. We introduce three levels of analysis—usability, materialization, and social performance— and present the design of an explicit interaction assembly of devices for rehabilitation after hand surgery. The assembly, intended to support video recording during patient-therapist consultations, is evaluated and we find that it provides superior usability and the potential to improve rehabilitation outcomes through materialization. Moreover,we find that the design of cues to support the social practice in the rehabilitation ward needs to be improved since the assembly allowed for uses unanticipated during the design
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{1226994, title = "Explicit Interaction for Surgical Rehabilitation", author = "Tomas Sokoler and Jonas Löwgren and Mette Agger Eriksen and Per Linde and Stefan Olofsson", booktitle = "TEI'07, 15-17 Feb 2007, Baton Rouge, LA, USA", year = "2007", }
	Assemblies of heterogeneous technologies at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Author(s):	Erik Grönvall,Luca Piccini,Alessandro Pollini,Alessia Rullo,Giuseppe Andreoni
Year:	2007
Abstract:	Ambient Intelligence, pervasive and unobtrusive computing research is introducing new perspectives in a wide range of applications. The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit represents a complex and multi-output context aimed at monitoring and controlling biological signals and parameters in premature newborn. This paper details some methodological and design options for developing technologies that allow end-user composition and control. These options enhance consistent user experiences in environments where different devices, services and processes co-exist. In particular we describe the notion of assemblies of monitoring devices, interpreted as the combination of sensors, tools and services in a distributed and unobtrusive computational and monitoring environment. We report on the importance of flexibility and user-control in the use of such technological assemblies in a neonatal intensive care unit, describing an early prototype of such monitoring system.
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76652-0_21, title = "Assemblies of heterogeneous technologies at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit", author = "Erik Grönvall and Luca Piccini and Alessandro Pollini and Alessia Rullo and Giuseppe Andreoni", pages = "18", booktitle = "AmI", year = "2007", }
	Palpability support demonstrated
Author(s):	Jeppe Brønsted, Erik Grönvall, David Fors
Proceeding/Journal/etc.	To appear in 'Proceedings of the 2007 IFIP International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing (EUC 2007)'
Year:	2007
Abstract:	In ubiquitous computing, as more and more devices are embedded into the environment, there is a risk that the user loses the understanding of the system. In normal use this is not always a problem, but when breakdowns occur it is crucial that the user understands the system to be able to handle the situation. The concept of palpable computing, introduced by the PalCom project, denotes systems which support such understandability. In PalCom, a set of prototype scenarios provide input for an open software architecture and a conceptual framework for palpable computing. One of these prototype scenarios is based on the Active Surfaces concept in which therapists rehabilitate physically and mentally impaired children by means of an activity that stimulates the children both physically and cognitively. In this paper we demonstrate how palpability can be supported in a prototype of the Active Surfaces. Services on the tiles have been developed using the PalCom service framework that allows them to be combined into PalCom assemblies. The support for palpability is shown by examples of use scenarios from the work of the therapist who can inspect and alter the runtime state of the tiles to change their configuration and cope with breakdown situations. The prototype implementation runs on a standard PC simulating the network layer and a first reference implementation has been made on the target embedded platform.
BibTeX:	@Misc{bronsted, title = "Palpability support demonstrated", author = "Jeppe Brønsted and Erik Grönvall and David Fors", howpublished = "http://www.daimi.au.dk/%7Ejb/papers/bronsted07d.pdf", misc = "To appear in 'Proceedings of the 2007 IFIP International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing (EUC 2007)' ", year = "2007", }
	Support for fast Service Selection in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks using a Selective Benchmark Strategy
Author(s):	Guenter Prochart, Reinhold Weiss, Reiner Schmid, Gerald Kaefer
Year:	2007
Abstract:	A Mobile Ad Hoc NETwork (MANET) is formed by the association of mobile devices, usually wireless and capable of multi-hop communication among themselves even if there is no networking infrastructure available. Devices may join and leave the network anytime, and devices may move randomly within the network, which leads to a permanently changing availability of services and resources. Generally, if some MANET nodes are connected to external networks, a couple of them might act as gateways towards those networks. Therefore, the possible service scenery may range from premium services – residing on servers and accessed through the gateways – to simple software components and hardware resources which can be used by other devices. The former may use standard QoS attributes like response time, availability, etc. The latter are commonly residing on moveable devices within the network and need therefore other attributes and mechanism to rank and select among them. In this paper we present a basic framework for evaluating a potential value for every service expressing the current capability for providing its functionality. Therefore, a lightweight middleware component on every device uses a selective benchmark strategy analyzing context, resource-related, and service-level information. The resulting potential value can be used to make fast decisions for service selection and contingency reaction.
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{PWSK2007c, title = "Support for fast Service Selection in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks using a Selective Benchmark Strategy", author = "Guenter Prochart and Reinhold Weiss and Reiner Schmid and Gerald Kaefer", year = "2007", }
	Fuzzy-based Support for Service Composition in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Author(s):	Guenter Prochart, Reinhold Weiss, Reiner Schmid, Gerald Kaefer
Proceeding/Journal/etc.	In Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Workshop on Services Integration in Pervasive Environments (SIPE 2007). In conjunction with IEEE ICPS 2007.
Year:	2007
Abstract:	In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) devices may join and leave the network anytime, and devices may move randomly within the network. The arbitrary topology can vary rapidly and unpredictably which leads to a permanently changing availability of services. Devices in the network could typically be very resource-constraint and the resource situation may change rapidly, e.g. battery power may fade away, or due to memory limits a service may not currently run on a device, though it is available in principle. Therefore, dynamic service composition is inevitable and possible alternative compositions should be evaluated even if a valid composite service was found for a given task. These alternative compositions can be used in case a service or device of a selected composite service becomes unavailable. In order to manage the network’s dynamic behavior which could introduce great complexity we propose a resource management component on every device which offers services to be used by other devices. This middleware layer should constantly benchmark the capability of a service being a potential candidate for a composite service in a certain situation. Hence, the process of service selection and the procedure of rating different possible valid compositions are disburdened allowing fast decision making and contingency reaction.
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{PWSK2007b, title = "Fuzzy-based Support for Service Composition in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks", author = "Guenter Prochart and Reinhold Weiss and Reiner Schmid and Gerald Kaefer", booktitle = "In Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Workshop on Services Integration in Pervasive Environments (SIPE 2007). ", misc = "In Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Workshop on Services Integration in Pervasive Environments (SIPE 2007). In conjunction with IEEE ICPS 2007. ", year = "2007", }
	Policy Based Resource Management for Service Composition in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Author(s):	Guenter Prochart, Reinhold Weiss, Reiner Schmid, Gerald Kaefer
Proceeding/Journal/etc.	Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Managing Ubiquitous Communications and Services 2007 (part of IM 2007). ). Published in multicon lecture notes – No. 4 (ISBN 3-930736-07-1).
Year:	2007
Abstract:	In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) dynamic service composition is essential because of the permanently changing availability of services. Moreover, the usage of available resources providing services has to be managed. Devices could typically be very resource-constraint and the resource situation may change rapidly, e.g. battery power may fade away, or due to memory limits a service may not currently run on a device, though it is available in principle. In the field of rapidly changing environments finding optimized solutions may not be the first choice because of their required time and resource complexity. Therefore, we present a policy based high level resource management approach for service composition in mobile ad hoc networks.
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{PWSK2007, title = "Policy Based Resource Management for Service Composition in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks", author = "Guenter Prochart and Reinhold Weiss and Reiner Schmid and Gerald Kaefer", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Managing Ubiquitous Communications and Services 2007 (part of IM 2007). ", misc = "Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Managing Ubiquitous Communications and Services 2007 (part of IM 2007). ). Published in multicon lecture notes – No. 4 (ISBN 3-930736-07-1).", year = "2007", }
	StreamFlex - High-throughput Stream Programming in Java
Author(s):	Jesper Honig Spring, Jean Privat, Rachid Guerraoui, Jan Vitek,
Year:	2007
Abstract:	The stream programming paradigm aims to expose coarse-grained parallelism in applications that must process continuous sequences of events. The appeal of stream programming comes from its conceptual simplicity. A program is a set of independent filters which communicate exclusively by the means of unidirectional data channels. The model reduces opportunities for data races as the output behavior of a filter is completely determined by the state of its input channels. Previous work has shown that stream programs can be implemented very efficiently on modern multiprocessors. StreamFlex is an extension to Java which marries streams with objects and allows programmers to integrate stream processors with traditional object-oriented components in the same virtual machine. StreamFlex targets high-throughput low-latency application with stringent quality-of-service requirements. To achieve these goals, we must both extend and restrict Java. In order to allow for program optimization and provide latency guarantees, the StreamFlex compiler restricts Java in that it imposes a stricter typing discipline on the code to be run in filters. On the other hand, StreamFlex extends the Java virtual machine with transactional channels and type-safe region-based allocation. The result is a rich language that can be implemented efficiently. In our experiments, we have been able to run a streaming task, concurrently with some plain Java threads, periodically every 80 microseconds with less than 2% deadline misses.
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{spring2007stream, title = "StreamFlex - High-throughput Stream Programming in Java", author = "Jesper Honig Spring and Jean Privat and Rachid Guerraoui and Jan Vitek and ", booktitle = "2007 ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Application (OOPSLA)", year = "2007", }
	The Weight-Watcher Service and its Lightweight Implementation
Author(s):	Benoit Garbinato, Rachid Guerraoui, Jarle Hulaas, Alexei Kounine, Maxime Monod, Jesper Honig Spring
Year:	2007
Abstract:	This paper presents the Weight-Watcher service. This service aims at providing resource consumption measurements and estimations for software executing on resource constrained devices. By using the Weight-Watcher, software components can continuously adapt and optimize their quality of service with respect to resource availability. The interface of the service is composed of a Profiler and a Predictor. We present an implementation that is lightweight in terms of CPU and memory. We also performed various experiments that convey (a) the tradeoff between the memory consumption of the service and the accuracy of the prediction, as well as (b) a maximum overhead of 10% on the execution speed of the VM for the Profiler to provide accurate measurements.
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{monodWeight, title = "The Weight-Watcher Service and its Lightweight Implementation", author = "Benoit Garbinato and Rachid Guerraoui and Jarle Hulaas and Alexei Kounine and Maxime Monod and Jesper Honig Spring", booktitle = "International Conference on Embedded Computer Systems: Architectures, Modeling, and Simulation (SAMOS VII), Samos", year = "2007", }
	Reflexes: Programming Abstractions for Highly Responsive Systems
Author(s):	Jesper H. Spring, Rachid Guerraoui, Filip Pizlo, Jan Vitek
Year:	2007
Abstract:	Commercial Java virtual machines are designed to maximize the performance of applications at the expense of predictability. High throughput garbage collection algorithms, for example, can introduce pauses of 100 milliseconds or more. We are interested in supporting applications with response times in the tens of microseconds and their integration with larger timing-oblivious applications in the same Java virtual machine. We propose Reflexes, a new abstraction for writing highly responsive systems in Java and investigate the virtual machine support needed to add Reflexes to a Java environment. Our implementation of Reflexes was evaluated on several programs including an audio-processing application running at 22.05KHz. The number of missed deadlines, less than 0.2% for 10 million observations, compares favorably to a native C implementation.
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{springReflex, title = "Reflexes: Programming Abstractions for Highly Responsive Systems", author = " Jesper H. Spring and Rachid Guerraoui and Filip Pizlo and Jan Vitek", booktitle = "Third International ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS Conference on Virtual Execution Environments, San Diego, USA", year = "2007", }
	A Survey of Service Composition Mechanisms in Ubiquitous Computing
Author(s):	Jeppe Brønsted, Klaus Marius Hansen, Mads Ingstrup
Proceeding/Journal/etc.	Submitted for 'Second Workshop on Requirements and Solutions for Pervasive Software Infrastructures (RSPSI)' at Ubicomp 2007, http://www.igd.fhg.de/igd-a1/RSPSI2.
Year:	2007
Abstract:	Composition of services, i.e., providing new services by only combining existing, is a pervasive idea in ubiquitous computing. We surveyed the field by looking at what features are actually present in technologies that support service composition in some form. Condensing this into a list of features allowed us to discuss the qualitative merits and drawbacks of various approaches to service composition, focusing in particular on usability, modifiability and further, we found that further research is needed into quality-of-service assurance of composites and into contingency management for composites -- one of the concerns differentiating service composition in ubiquitous computing from its less dynamic settings.
BibTeX:	@TechReport{brondsted2007RSPSI2, title = "A Survey of Service Composition Mechanisms in Ubiquitous Computing", author = "Jeppe Brønsted and Klaus Marius Hansen and Mads Ingstrup", institution = "Institute of Computer Science, University of Aarhus", misc = "Submitted for 'Second Workshop on Requirements and Solutions for Pervasive Software Infrastructures (RSPSI)' at Ubicomp 2007, http://www.igd.fhg.de/igd-a1/RSPSI2.", year = "2007", }
	Bottom-up, top-down? Connecting software architecture design with use,
Author(s):	Monika Büscher, Michal Christensen, Klaus Marius Hansen, Preben Mogensen, Dan Shapiro
Proceeding/Journal/etc.	In Voß, A., Hartswood, M.; Ho, K., Procter, R.; Rouncefield, M.; Slack, R.; Büscher, M. Configuring user-designer relations: Interdisciplinary perspectives . Springer Verlag, Accepted for publication in 2007.
Year:	2007
Abstract:	In this chapter we describe how we bring participatory design to the design of the PalCom open architecture. We explore the intersections between users, developers and architects, focussing on the evolution of the concept of ‘assemblies’ through a series of reflections from different perspectives, revealing how perspectives and experiences from use, application prototype design and software architecture design intertwine in the participatory design of the PalCom open architecture. We formulate some core technical challenges, describe scenarios derived from work practice of prototypes in use, and consider implications for software architecture. We explore the ways in which the concept of ‘assembly’ was taken up in the PalCom open architecture. We draw out some key insights from this reflective process.
BibTeX:	@InCollection{buscher2007_bottom_up, title = "Bottom-up, top-down? Connecting software architecture design with use, ", author = "Monika Büscher and Michal Christensen and Klaus Marius Hansen and Preben Mogensen and Dan Shapiro", note = "\url{http://www.ist-palcom.org/publications/files/Bottom-up-2.0.pdf}", booktitle = "Configuring user-designer relations: Interdisciplinary perspectives", editor = "Voß, A. and Hartswood, M. and Ho, K. and Procter, R. and Rouncefield, M. and Slack, R. and Büscher, M.", publisher = "Springer Verlag", misc = "In Voß, A., Hartswood, M.; Ho, K., Procter, R.; Rouncefield, M.; Slack, R.; Büscher, M. Configuring user-designer relations: Interdisciplinary perspectives . Springer Verlag, Accepted for publication in 2007.", year = "2007", }
	Supporting inspection strategies through palpable assemblies
Author(s):	Patricia Marti, Erik Grønvall, Alessandro Pollini, Alessia Rullo
Proceeding/Journal/etc.	Designing for palpability Workshop at Pervasive 2007, May 13th-16th 2007 Toronto, Canada.
Year:	2007
Abstract:	The paper reports an early study on inspection strategies of high-risk systems using ambient computing technologies. Traditionally, the main goal of ambient, pervasive and ubiquitous computing applications is to make the technology transparent or invisible for the users. However this sort of technological disappearance is not always desirable in particular in presence of any failure in the system. In such an event the user would benefit from the visibility of the system state, and from adopting inspection strategies to detect the error and take, if possible, the necessary correctional measures. The paper presents a study performed in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit where novel ambient computing technologies and related inspection strategies are currently being designed and assessed in the context of the European project PalCom (http://www.ist-palcom.org/).
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{marti2007_supp_inspect, title = "Supporting inspection strategies through palpable assemblies", author = "Patricia Marti and Erik Grønvall and Alessandro Pollini and Alessia Rullo", note = "\url{http://www.ist-palcom.org/publications/files/Marti_etal.pdf}", booktitle = "Designing for palpability Workshop at Pervasive 2007", address = "Toronto, Canada", misc = "Designing for palpability Workshop at Pervasive 2007, May 13th-16th 2007 Toronto, Canada.", year = "2007", }
	Supporting Palpability in Emergency Response
Author(s):	Morten Kyng, Margit Kristensen
Proceeding/Journal/etc.	Designing for palpability Workshop at Pervasive 2007, May 13th-16th 2007 Toronto, Canada.
Year:	2007
Abstract:	This paper investigates how to design ICT support for emergency response. We conceptualize the incident site with people, vehicles, buildings etc. as boundary objects over which complex and imperfect work of coordination is done – and discuss how a 3D representation of these entities may be used as a way of bridging between the physical entities and the body of digital information about the site and the different entities, accumulating as the incident unfolds
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{kyng2007_supp_palp_emergency, title = "Supporting Palpability in Emergency Response", author = "Morten Kyng and Margit Kristensen", note = "\url{http://www.ist-palcom.org/publications/files/Kristensen_Kyng_PervResp07_v1-0.pdf}", booktitle = "Designing for palpability Workshop at Pervasive 2007", address = "Toronto, Canada", misc = "Designing for palpability Workshop at Pervasive 2007, May 13th-16th 2007 Toronto, Canada.", year = "2007", }
	Inspecting Abstractions as a Means to Palpability of Programs
Author(s):	Mads Ingstrup, Jesper Wolff Olsen
Proceeding/Journal/etc.	Designing for palpability Workshop at Pervasive 2007, May 13th-16th 2007 Toronto, Canada.
Year:	2007
Abstract:	Palpability comprises both mental and physical apprehensibility. We describe how reflection can be used enable programs to be self-documenting. We describe how programs are made of abstractions, how such abstractions can be inspected and how they can be meaningful and not-too-complex to users. We exemplify our approach using the architectural concept of a connector
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{ingstrup2007_inspect, title = "Inspecting Abstractions as a Means to Palpability of Programs", author = "Mads Ingstrup and Jesper Wolff Olsen", note = "\url{http://www.ist-palcom.org/publications/files/Ingstrup_pvc-workshop-v6-mads.pdf}", booktitle = "Designing for palpability Workshop at Pervasive 2007", address = "Toronto, Canada", misc = "Designing for palpability Workshop at Pervasive 2007, May 13th-16th 2007 Toronto, Canada.", year = "2007", }
	A Seamless Hybrid Communication System forTransient Locations
Author(s):	Roberto Ghizzioli, Giovanni Rimassa, Dominic Greenwood
Proceeding/Journal/etc.	Designing for palpability Workshop at Pervasive 2007, May 13th-16th 2007 Toronto, Canada.
Year:	2007
Abstract:	This paper presents the RASCAL System, a middleware component able to palpably ensure that user-level services communicating across infrastructure or ad-hoc networks continue to work even when deployed in disruptive environments such as major incidents sites. By palpable we mean that users should be able to notice, comprehend communication actions and - where necessary - negotiate di®erent levels of user control. This work highlights the features of the system, the end-user interaction and an evaluation scenario.
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{ghizzioli2007_seamless, title = "A Seamless Hybrid Communication System forTransient Locations", author = "Roberto Ghizzioli and Giovanni Rimassa and Dominic Greenwood", note = "\url{http://www.ist-palcom.org/publications/files/Pervasive2007_ghizzioli_rimassa_greenwood.pdf}", booktitle = "Designing for palpability Workshop at Pervasive 2007", address = "Toronto, Canada", misc = "Designing for palpability Workshop at Pervasive 2007, May 13th-16th 2007 Toronto, Canada.", year = "2007", }
	Balancing user control
Author(s):	Aino Corry, Stinne Aaløkke, Gunnar Kramp
Proceeding/Journal/etc.	Designing for palpability Workshop at Pervasive 2007, May 13th-16th 2007 Toronto, Canada.
Year:	2007
Abstract:	Often elderly people experience problems when introduced to assisted living technologies in their homes, as many of these technologies are based on principles of automation and invisibility. This paper reports on field studies of assisted living technology in the homes of seven elderly people. Based on the fieldwork and issues related to palpable computing we argue that when designing for assisted living a balance must be found, between ambient technology and palpability. Potentially making the technology noticeable, understandable and controllable depending on the situation of the elder.
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{corry2007_balance, title = "Balancing user control", author = "Aino Corry and Stinne Aaløkke and Gunnar Kramp", note = "\url{http://www.ist-palcom.org/publications/files/AalokkeCorryKramp.pdf}", booktitle = "Designing for palpability Workshop at Pervasive 2007", address = "Toronto, Canada", misc = "Designing for palpability Workshop at Pervasive 2007, May 13th-16th 2007 Toronto, Canada.", year = "2007", }
	Studies of intra-action: Informing design for palpability
Author(s):	Monika Büscher
Proceeding/Journal/etc.	Designing for palpability Workshop at Pervasive 2007, May 13th-16th 2007 Toronto, Canada.
Year:	2007
Abstract:	Starting out with a concrete example of some of the problems people encounter in realizing the potential of pervasive comput-ing, I present a detail from ethnographic observations in a neonatal intensive care unit to explore important causes for these difficulties in depth. Inspired by, but also critical of, notions of interactive and accountable computing, I propose to use studies of human-matter ‘intra-action’ to inform design for palpability.
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{buscher2007_intra_action, title = "Studies of intra-action: Informing design for palpability", author = "Monika Büscher", note = "\url{http://www.ist-palcom.org/publications/files/Buscher_pervasive_07_extended_abstract.pdf}", booktitle = "Designing for palpability Workshop at Pervasive 2007", address = "Toronto, Canada", misc = "Designing for palpability Workshop at Pervasive 2007, May 13th-16th 2007 Toronto, Canada.", year = "2007", }
	Making the future palpable: Notes from a major incident Future Laboratory
Author(s):	Monika Büscher, Margit Kristensen, Preben Mogensen
Proceeding/Journal/etc.	Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM) May 13th-16th 2007 Delft, The Netherlands
Year:	2007
Abstract:	Future laboratories allow users to experiment with future technologies in as realistic as possible conditions. We have devised this method because, to realize the potential of ubiquitous computing technologies it is essential to anticipate and design for future practices, but for prospective users it is often difficult to imagine and articulate future practices and provide design specifications. They readily invent new ways of working in engagement with new technologies, though and, by facilitating as realistic as possible use of prototype technologies in Future Laboratories designers and users can define both opportunities and constraints for design. We present 11 scenes from a Major Incidents Future Laboratory held in September 2005. For each scene we point out key results. Many raise tough questions rather than provide quick answers. In the discussion we summarize important lessons learnt
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{buscher2007_future_palpable, title = "Making the future palpable: Notes from a major incident Future Laboratory", author = "Monika Büscher and Margit Kristensen and Preben Mogensen", note = "\url{http://www.ist-palcom.org/publications/files/ISCRAM_MB_MK_PHM_final.pdf}", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM)", address = "Delft, The Netherlands", misc = "Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM) May 13th-16th 2007 Delft, The Netherlands", year = "2007", }
	Designing for material practices of coordinating emergency teamwork
Author(s):	Monika Büscher, Preben Mogensen
Proceeding/Journal/etc.	Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM) May 13th-16th 2007 Delft, The Netherlands
Year:	2007
Abstract:	In this paper we describe the inspiration for, and the design of, prototype technologies that support emergency teamwork. We combine ethnographic studies of material practice, participatory design collaboration with emergency personnel, and knowledge of the potential of ubiquitous computing technologies to ‘stretch’ the materiality of envi-ronments, persons and equipment. A range of prototypes – products of an iterative, ethnographically informed, participatory design process – are described in a series of scenarios. We conclude with a discussion of potential benefits and challenges our experience raises for socio-technical-material innovation in emergency teamwork.
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{buscher2007_design_material, title = "Designing for material practices of coordinating emergency teamwork", author = "Monika Büscher and Preben Mogensen", note = "\url{http://www.ist-palcom.org/publications/files/ISCRAM_Buscher_Mogensen_final.pdf}", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM)", address = "Delft, The Netherlands", misc = "Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM) May 13th-16th 2007 Delft, The Netherlands", year = "2007", }
	Actors that Unify Threads and Events
Author(s):	Philipp Haller, Martin Odersky
Proceeding/Journal/etc.	Technical Report LAMP-REPORT-2007-001, EPFL, January 2007
Year:	2007
Abstract:	In this paper we present an abstraction of actors that combines the benefits of thread-based and event-based concurrency. Threads support blocking operations such as system I/O, and can be executed on multiple processor cores in parallel. Event-based computation, on the other hand, is more lightweight and scales to large numbers of actors. We also present a set of combinators that allows a flexible composition of these actors. Scala actors are implemented on the JVM, but our techniques can be applied to all multi-threaded VMs with a similar architecture, such as the CLR.
BibTeX:	@TechReport{haller2007_actors, title = "Actors that Unify Threads and Events", author = "Philipp Haller and Martin Odersky", note = "\url{http://www.ist-palcom.org/publications/files/haller07actorsunify.pdf}", institution = "EPFL, LAMP-REPORT-2007-001", misc = "Technical Report LAMP-REPORT-2007-001, EPFL, January 2007", year = "2007", }
	Matching Objects With Patterns
Author(s):	Burak Emir, Martin Odersky, John Williams
Proceeding/Journal/etc.	Technical Report LAMP-REPORT-2006-006, EPFL, December 2006. To appear in Proceedings of European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP '07)
Year:	2007
Abstract:	Data in object-oriented programming is organized in a hierarchy of classes. The problem of object-oriented pattern matching is how to explore this hierarchy from the outside. This usually involves classifying objects by their run-time type, accessing their members, or determining some other characteristic of a group of objects. In this paper we compare six different pattern matching techniques: object-oriented decomposition, visitors, type-tests/type-casts, typecase, case classes, and extractors. The techniques are compared on nine criteria related to conciseness, maintainability and performance. The paper introduces case classes and extractors as two new pattern-matching methods and shows that their combination works well for all of the established criteria.
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{emir2006_match_obj, title = "Matching Objects With Patterns", author = "Burak Emir and Martin Odersky and John Williams", note = "\url{http://www.ist-palcom.org/publications/files/MatchingObjectsWithPatterns-TR.pdf}", booktitle = "Proceedings of European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming", misc = "Technical Report LAMP-REPORT-2006-006, EPFL, December 2006. To appear in Proceedings of European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP '07)", year = "2007", }
	Pervasive Computing with Frugal Objects
Author(s):	Benoit Garbinato, Rachid Guerraoui, Jarle Hulaas, Maxime Monod, Jesper H. Spring
Proceeding/Journal/etc.	Proceedings of the IEEE 21st International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA-07)
Year:	2007
Abstract:	This paper presents a computing model for resource-limited mobile devices that might be ubiquitously deployed in private and business environments. The model integrates a strongly-typed event-based communication paradigm with abstractions for frugal control, assuming a small footprint runtime. With our model, an application consists of a set of distributed reactive objects, called Frugal Objects (FROBs), that communicate through typed events and dynamically adapt their behavior according to notifications about changes in resource availability. FROBs have a logical time-slicing execution pattern that helps monitor resource consuming tasks and determine resource profiles in terms of CPU, memory, battery and bandwidth. The behavior of a FROB is represented by a set of stateless first-class bjects. Both state and behavioral objects are referenced through a level of indirection within the FROB. This facilitates the dynamic changes of the set of event types a FROB can accept, say based on the available resources, without requiring a significant footprint increase of the underlying FROB runtime.
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{frugal, title = "Pervasive Computing with Frugal Objects", author = "Benoit Garbinato and Rachid Guerraoui and Jarle Hulaas and Maxime Monod and Jesper H. Spring", booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE 21st International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications", misc = "Proceedings of the IEEE 21st International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA-07)", year = "2007", }
	Pervasive applications through scripted assemblies of services
Author(s):	David Svensson, Görel Hedin, Boris Magnusson
Proceeding/Journal/etc.	Presented at SEPS 2006, 1st International Workshop on Software Engineering of Pervasive Services, Lyon, France, June 2006. Published in the proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing, 2007.
Year:	2007
Abstract:	This paper proposes a technique for letting end users build pervasive applications by combining services on networked devices. The approach avoids relying on standardized service interfaces which are deemed too limiting, and instead makes use of migratable user interfaces and scripted combinations of services.
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{svensson2006_pervasive_script, title = "Pervasive applications through scripted assemblies of services", author = "David Svensson and Görel Hedin and Boris Magnusson", note = "\url{http://www.ist-palcom.org/publications/files/seps06-scripted-assemblies.pdf}", pages = "301-307", booktitle = "Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Systems, 2007", misc = "Presented at SEPS 2006, 1st International Workshop on Software Engineering of Pervasive Services, Lyon, France, June 2006. Published in the proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing, 2007.", year = "2007", }
	Flexible Language Interoperability
Author(s):	Torbjørn Ekman, Peter Mechlenborg, Ulrik Pagh Schultz
Proceeding/Journal/etc.	Accepted for publication in Sept/Oct, 2007 issue of Journal of Object Technology, http://www.jot.fm.
Year:	2007
Abstract:	Virtual machines raise the abstraction level of the execution environment at the cost of restricting the set of supported languages. Moreover, the ability of a language implementation to integrate with other languages hosted on the same virtual machine typically constrains the features of the language. In this paper, we present a highly flexible yet efficient approach to hosting multiple programming languages on an object-oriented virtual machine Our approach is based on extending the interface of each class with language-specific wrapper methods, offering each language a tailored view of a given class. This approach can be deployed both on a statically typed virtual machine, such as the JVM, and on a dynamic virtual machine, such as a Smalltalk virtual machine. We have implemented our approach to language interoperability on top of a prototype virtual machine for embedded systems based on the Smalltalk object model, which provides interoperability for embedded versions of the Smalltalk, Java, and BETA programming languages.
BibTeX:	@Article{ekman2007_flex_language, title = "Flexible Language Interoperability", author = "Torbjørn Ekman and Peter Mechlenborg and Ulrik Pagh Schultz", journal = "Accepted for publication in Sept/Oct, 2007 issue of Journal of Object Technology", misc = "Accepted for publication in Sept/Oct, 2007 issue of Journal of Object Technology, http://www.jot.fm.", year = "2007", }
	Inspirational patterns for embodied interaction
Author(s):	Jonas Löwgren
Year:	2007
Abstract:	The concern of this work is how knowledge based on design experience can be developed, disseminated, articulated and acquired. We propose the notion of inspirational patterns, or i-patterns, which refers to abstractions of core ideas and essential elements from a class of coherent examples, pointing to promising regions in the design space. Most current work on patterns concentrates on proven solutions to recurring problems; i-patterns, on the other hand, are oriented towards the innovative and inspirational. The design domain of interest to us is interaction design, which can be roughly defined as design with digital materials. More specifically, we focus on the intersection of tangible interfaces and social computing that is called embodied interaction. We present nine i-patterns for embodied interaction, as follows. 1) Virtual information is tied to positions in the material world. 2) Virtual bookmarks are tokens of positions in the material world. 3) Material objects are tokens of virtual information. 4) Virtual information has material properties. 5) Virtual information »forms« objects in the material world. 6) Material object qualities influence interaction qualities. 7) Heterogeneous virtual information fuses into a few sensory parameters. 8) Interactive and broadcast media combine to form a positive spiral of participation. 9) Virtual information and functions are limited to certain times.
BibTeX:	@Article{lowgren2007_insp_pattern, title = "Inspirational patterns for embodied interaction", author = "Jonas Löwgren", note = "\url{http://www.ist-palcom.org/publications/files/NordesFinal.pdf}", journal = "Journal of Knowledge Technology and Policy", volume = "20", number = "3", year = "2007", }
	Participatory Design: The will to succeed
Author(s):	Dan Shapiro
Year:	2006
Abstract:	The paper reviews some aspects of the procurement and development of large scale systems and finds that there is still a high failure rate, which is especially visible in the public sector. It argues that the Participatory Design (PD) perspective offers cogent explanations for these failures, and can plausibly claim that it would do much better if its paradigm is given a serious chance. Yet members of the PD community seem mostly reluctant to become engaged in such developments, and the actual involvement of PD in these areas remains limited. The paper argues for PD's collective engagement and proposes a two-stage strategy for achieving this. It reviews this agenda from the perspective of PD as a political movement, and argues that this kind of involvement is 'reformist' but defensible. It will be difficult to persuade governments to take on this experimental strategy, but it should be possible.
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{Proc. Sense and Sensibility: Decennial Critical Computing Conference. Aarhus University, Denmark., title = "Participatory Design: The will to succeed", author = "Dan Shapiro", year = "2006", }
	PalCom Magazine 2006
Author(s):	Gunnar Kramp, Preben Mogensen, Maria Gaardmand Øster, Marlene Nybro Thomsen, Rikke Skovgaard Andersen, Arne Vollertsen, Michael Lund
Proceeding/Journal/etc.	PalCom Magazine with general information about the PalCom project. Published in relation to the IST'06 Event in Helsinki, Finland.
Year:	2006
Abstract:	The publication is 48 pages long and divided into three sections that capture the work of PalCom. The first section provides basic insight into the project, its goals and how PalCom's 100 researchers envision a new concept for pervasive computing: palpable computing. The second section looks into the prototypes and applications that the project builds for various fields; for example landscape architecture, healthcare and emergency response. Lastly, a section is devoted to the outcomes of PalCom and how project partners plan to make use of results and technologies.
BibTeX:	@Misc{palcom2006magazine, title = "PalCom Magazine 2006", author = "Gunnar Kramp and Preben Mogensen and Maria Gaardmand Øster and Marlene Nybro Thomsen and Rikke Skovgaard Andersen and Arne Vollertsen and Michael Lund", note = "\url{http://www.ist-palcom.org/publications/files/palcom-magazine-2006.pdf}", howpublished = "\url{http://www.ist-palcom.org/fileadmin/palcom/magazine/palcom-magazine-2006.pdf}", misc = "PalCom Magazine with general information about the PalCom project. Published in relation to the IST'06 Event in Helsinki, Finland.", year = "2006", }
	Beyond the Archive: Thinking CSCW into EHRs for Home Care
Author(s):	Aino V. Corry, Mads Ingstrup, Simon B. Larsen
Proceeding/Journal/etc.	Pervasive Health Conference and Workshops, Nov. 29 2006-Dec. 1 2006 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/PCTHEALTH.2006.361695
Year:	2006
Abstract:	The current electronic health records (EHR) are not build to adequately support pervasive healthcare, but overcoming certain challenges could change that. In this paper we explicate that point by presenting results of applying participatory design to two scenarios: treating diabetic foot ulcers at home, and providing support for women during their pregnancy. In particular, the contributions of this paper are: (1) to explicate the diversity of the domain, and how this leads to complex issues in practice, (2) to present four particular issues that need to be addressed in the design of EHRs as found through application of participatory design in our two scenarios, (3) to establish promising approaches to handling those four issues, and (4) to present the core of a software architecture that supports these approaches
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{corry2006_CSCW_EHR, title = "Beyond the Archive: Thinking CSCW into EHRs for Home Care", author = "Aino V. Corry and Mads Ingstrup and Simon B. Larsen", note = "\url{http://www.ist-palcom.org/publications/files/04205186.pdf}", booktitle = "Proceedings of Pervasive Health Conference and Workshops, 2006", misc = "Pervasive Health Conference and Workshops, Nov. 29 2006-Dec. 1 2006 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/PCTHEALTH.2006.361695 ", year = "2006", }
	Event-Based Programming without Inversion of Control
Author(s):	Philipp Haller, Martin Odersky
Proceeding/Journal/etc.	Joint Modular Languages Conference (JMLC '06), September 2006 Oxford, England
Year:	2006
Abstract:	In this paper we introduce event-based actors as an implementation technique for lightweight actor abstractions on virtual machines that do not support first-class continuations or equivalent concepts for execution state management. We show that efficiency and scalability can be increased dramatically compared to thread-based actor languages and libraries. At the same time, event-based actors to a large extent support the convenient programming model of thread-based approaches. An inversion of control that is inherent in traditional event-based architectures is avoided.
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{haller2006_event_prog, title = "Event-Based Programming without Inversion of Control", author = "Philipp Haller and Martin Odersky", note = "\url{http://www.ist-palcom.org/publications/files/haller06jmlc.pdf}", booktitle = "Proceedings of the Joint Modular Languages Conference", address = "Oxford, England", misc = "Joint Modular Languages Conference (JMLC '06), September 2006 Oxford, England", year = "2006", }
	Dynamic Resource-Constrained Service Composition for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Author(s):	Gerald Kaefer, Reiner Schmid, Guenter Prochart, Reinhold Weiss
Proceeding/Journal/etc.	18th IASTED International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing and Systems - PDCS'06, November 15th 2006, Dallas, Texas.
Year:	2006
Abstract:	In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) dynamic service composition is mandatory because of the permanently changing environment by reason of mobility and resource variability. Moreover, dynamic composition alone is not sufficient because devices could typically be very resource-constrained and the resource situation may change rapidly, e.g. battery power may fade away, or due to memory limits a service may not currently run on a device, though it is available in principle. In this paper, we introduce a dynamic service composition approach with two novel aspects. First, we focus on finding dynamic compositions for end-to-end functional descriptions even if functional nodes contained in that description are not directly compatible. Second, we address resource optimization based on simple rules, but with powerful means, such as deployment provisioning and migration of services and components within an ad hoc network.
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{kaefer2006_dyn_res_constrain, title = "Dynamic Resource-Constrained Service Composition for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks", author = "Gerald Kaefer and Reiner Schmid and Guenter Prochart and Reinhold Weiss", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 18th IASTED International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing and Systems", address = "Dallas, Texas", misc = "18th IASTED International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing and Systems - PDCS'06, November 15th 2006, Dallas, Texas.", year = "2006", }
	Frugal Mobile Objects
Author(s):	Benoit Garbinato, Rachid Guerraoui, Jarle Hulaas, Maxime Monod, Jesper H. Spring
Proceeding/Journal/etc.	Euro-American Workshop on Middleware for Sensor Networks, co-located with the 2nd International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS '06)
Year:	2006
Abstract:	This paper presents a computing model for resource-limited mobile devices. The originality of the model lies in the integration of a stronglytyped event-based communication paradigm with abstractions for frugal control, assuming a small footprint runtime. With our model, an application consists of a set of distributed reactive objects, called FROBs, that communicate through typed events and dynamically adapt their behavior reacting to notifications typically based on resource availability. FROBs have a logical time-slicing execution pattern that helps monitor resource consuming tasks and determine resource profiles in terms of CPU, memory, battery and bandwidth. The behavior of a FROB is represented by a set of stateless first-class objects. Both state and behavioral objects are referenced through a level of indirection within the FROB. This facilitates the dynamic changes of the set of event types a FROB can accept, say based on the available resources, without requiring a significant footprint increase of the underlying FROB runtime.
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{garbinato2006_frugal_mob_obj, title = "Frugal Mobile Objects", author = "Benoit Garbinato and Rachid Guerraoui and Jarle Hulaas and Maxime Monod and Jesper H. Spring", note = "\url{http://www.ist-palcom.org/publications/files/LPD-EAWMS2006.pdf}", booktitle = "Euro-American Workshop on Middleware for Sensor Networks, co-located with the 2nd International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems", misc = "Euro-American Workshop on Middleware for Sensor Networks, co-located with the 2nd International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS '06)", year = "2006", }
	Media Spaces, places and palpable technologies
Author(s):	Margit Kristensen, Morten Kyng
Proceeding/Journal/etc.	Proceedings, CSCW 2006, W1: Media Space: Reflecting on 20 Years. November 4-8, Banff, Alberta, Canada
Year:	2006
Abstract:	In this paper, we briefly describe how emergency response in major incidents typically is carried out, in terms of division of work, collaboration and use of technologies. We then describe two prototypes we are developing, meant to support those who act in emergency response. Use of these prototypes form what can be termed as media spaces – but rise questions to the traditional understanding of the media space concept – since the emergency response media spaces are not ‘set up’ in predefined physical settings, do allow use of a range of (not necessarily predefined) media, and the people in the media space cannot be defined as a limited group of users. We also rise questions to the formality of communication, where we see the communication going on in emergency response, as a mix of formal and informal communication.
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{kristensen2006_media_spaces, title = "Media Spaces, places and palpable technologies", author = "Margit Kristensen and Morten Kyng", booktitle = "Proceedings CSCW, workshop: Media Space: Reflecting on 20 Years", address = "Banff, Alberta, Canada", misc = "Proceedings, CSCW 2006, W1: Media Space: Reflecting on 20 Years. November 4-8, Banff, Alberta, Canada", year = "2006", }
	Physical and digital design of the BlueBio biomonitoring system prototype, to be used in emergency medical response
Author(s):	Gunnar Kramp, Margit Kristensen, Jacob Frølund Pedersen
Proceeding/Journal/etc.	Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare 2006. Innsbruck, Austria, November 29-December 1st, 2006
Year:	2006
Abstract:	This paper presents the physical and digital design of a wireless biomonitoring system meant to be used especially in the prehospital medical emergency response. Handling of many patients with a minimum of ressources at major incidents is an immense challenge for the emergency personnel on work at an accident site. New technology such as the BlueBio biomonitoring system, can help emergency personnel monitor the patients and support them in making priorities of treatment and transport of patients. However, if new technology is to be introduced in such a complex and stressed situation it must relate to the palpable aspects of pervasive computing. It must be able to comply with the scale of the situation and still be understandable. It must also be able to comply with change of location and of users and yet still be stable, and it must comply with the shifting requirements from the users reagarding automation and user control. Our design framework, in relation to the BlueBio monitoring system, approaches these challenges from the perspective of familiarity, medical assesement and person ID/registration of data. We present how this informs and has implications for both the pyhsical and digital design of the current prototype.
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{kramp2006_physical_bluebio, title = "Physical and digital design of the BlueBio biomonitoring system prototype, to be used in emergency medical response ", author = "Gunnar Kramp and Margit Kristensen and Jacob Frølund Pedersen", booktitle = "Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare", address = "Innsbruck, Austria", misc = "Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare 2006. Innsbruck, Austria, November 29-December 1st, 2006", year = "2006", }
	Challenges in designing interactive systems for emergency response
Author(s):	Morten Kyng, Esben Toftdahl Nielsen, Margit Kristensen
Proceeding/Journal/etc.	Symposium on Designing Interactive Systems archive Proceedings of the 6th ACM conference on Designing Interactive systems University Park, PA, USA SESSION: In public table of contents Pages: 301 - 310 Year of Publication: 2006 ISBN:1-59593-367-0
Year:	2006
Abstract:	This paper presents research on participatory design of interactive systems for emergency response. We present the work by going through the design method with a focus on the new elements that we developed for the participatory design toolkit, in particular we emphasize the use of challenges and visions as ways to bridge between fieldwork and literature studies on the one hand and the emerging computer based prototypes on the other. Our case concerns design of innovative interactive systems for support in emergency response, including patient identification and monitoring as well as construction and maintenance of a situational overview.
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{kyng2006_challenge_emergency, title = "Challenges in designing interactive systems for emergency response", author = "Morten Kyng and Esben Toftdahl Nielsen and Margit Kristensen", pages = "301-310", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 6th ACM conference on Designing Interactive systems", address = "University Park, PA, USA", misc = "Symposium on Designing Interactive Systems archive Proceedings of the 6th ACM conference on Designing Interactive systems University Park, PA, USA SESSION: In public table of contents Pages: 301 - 310 Year of Publication: 2006 ISBN:1-59593-367-0 ", year = "2006", }
	Participatory design in emergency medical service: designing for future practice
Author(s):	Margit Kristensen, Morten Kyng, Leysia Palen
Proceeding/Journal/etc.	Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems archive Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems table of contents Montréal, Québec, Canada SESSION: Participatory design table of contents Pages: 161 - 170 Year of Publication: 2006 ISBN:1-59593-372-7
Year:	2006
Abstract:	We describe our research—its approach, results and products— on Danish emergency medical service (EMS) field or “pre-hospital” work in minor and major incidents. We discuss how commitments to participatory design and attention to the qualitative differences between minor and major incidents address challenges identified by disaster sociologists when designing for major incidents. Through qualitative research and participatory design, we have examined the features of EMS work and technology use in different emergency situations from the perspective of multiple actors. We conceptualize victims in incidents—and particularly in major incidents, where on-site medical assessments is highly incomplete—as boundary objects over which the complex and imperfect work of coordination is done. As an outcome of our participatory design approach, we describe a set of designs in support of future EMS work.
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{kristensen2006_pd_emergency, title = "Participatory design in emergency medical service: designing for future practice", author = "Margit Kristensen and Morten Kyng and Leysia Palen", pages = "161-170", booktitle = "Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems", address = "Montral, Qubec, Canada", misc = "Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems archive Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems table of contents Montréal, Québec, Canada SESSION: Participatory design table of contents Pages: 161 - 170 Year of Publication: 2006 ISBN:1-59593-372-7 ", year = "2006", }
	Progettare in ambienti 'fragili': il valore della partecipazione
Author(s):	Patrizia Marti, Alessia Rullo
Proceeding/Journal/etc.	'La parola e la Cura'. Change Editions, Torino, Italy, Oct. 2006
Year:	2006
Abstract:	This paper discusses the value of stakeholder participation when designing technologies in delicate and fragile environment such as the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{marti2006_fragili, title = "Progettare in ambienti 'fragili': il valore della partecipazione ", author = "Patrizia Marti and Alessia Rullo", note = "\url{http://www.ist-palcom.org/publications/files/Progettare%20in%20ambienti%20'fragili',%20il%20ruolo%20della%20partecipazione.pdf}", booktitle = "La parola e la Cura. Change Editions", address = "Torino, Italy", misc = "'La parola e la Cura'. Change Editions, Torino, Italy, Oct. 2006", year = "2006", }
	Constructing assemblies in the health care domain: two case studies
Author(s):	Alessandro Pollini, Erik Grønvall, Patrizia Marti, Alessia Rullo
Proceeding/Journal/etc.	to appear in Proceedings of Mobile Guide 06, Virtuality 06, Turin, Italy, October 16th, 2006
Year:	2006
Abstract:	This paper describes an early design study in which the concept of assembly has been adopted to interpret the composition on the fly of digital services and devices in mobile settings. Two case studies for the health care domain (i.e. physical and cognitive rehabilitation and work practice at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) will be presented in order to exemplify the proposed concepts.
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{pollini2006_two_cases, title = "Constructing assemblies in the health care domain: two case studies", author = "Alessandro Pollini and Erik Grønvall and Patrizia Marti and Alessia Rullo", note = "\url{http://www.ist-palcom.org/publications/files/AssemblyHealth-GuidVirt.pdf}", booktitle = "Proceedings of Mobile Guide 06, Virtuality 06", address = "Turin, Italy", misc = "to appear in Proceedings of Mobile Guide 06, Virtuality 06, Turin, Italy, October 16th, 2006", year = "2006", }
	End-user composition and re-use of technologies in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Author(s):	Alessia Rullo, Patrizia Marti, Erik Grønvall, Alessandro Pollini
Proceeding/Journal/etc.	Proceedings of Pervasive Healthcare, Innsbruck, Austria, November, 2006.
Year:	2006
Abstract:	This paper presents some early design work of an innovative concept of an incubator, carried out under the European project Palcom. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of user requirements in care settings poses interesting methodological challenges. This paper details some methodological options for developing technologies which allow end-user composition and re-configurability, and documents how fieldwork has been translated into design solutions. In particular we describe the notion of technological assemblies interpreted as the combination of services and devices, which the users can dynamically configure to support their needs. We report on the importance of flexibility and control in the use of such technological assemblies in a neonatal ward and present an early prototype of incubator designed to be sensitive to the particular requirements of the setting.
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{rullo2006_end_user_neonatal, title = "End-user composition and re-use of technologies in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit", author = "Alessia Rullo and Patrizia Marti and Erik Grønvall and Alessandro Pollini", note = "\url{http://www.ist-palcom.org/publications/files/End-user%20composition%20and%20re-use%20of%20technologies%20in%20the%20Neonatal%20Intensive%20Care%20Unit_camera_ready_final.pdf}", booktitle = "Proceedings of Pervasive Healthcare", address = "Innsbruck, Austria", misc = "Proceedings of Pervasive Healthcare, Innsbruck, Austria, November, 2006.", year = "2006", }
	Framework for Dynamic Resource-Constrained Service Composition for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Author(s):	Gerald Kaefer, Reiner Schmid, Guenter Prochart, Reinhold Weiss
Proceeding/Journal/etc.	8th Annual Conference on Ubiquitous Computing, Orange County, 17th-21th September 2006, UbiComp 2006, Workshop on System Support for Ubiquitous Computing
Year:	2006
Abstract:	In this paper we present a framework for dynamic resource-constrained composition in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) in order to manage the permanently changing environment by reason of mobility and resource variability. Moreover, dynamic composition alone is not sufficient because devices could typically be very resource-constrained and the resource situation may change rapidly, e.g. battery power may fade away, or due to memory limits a service may not currently run on a device, though it is available in principle. The described framework provides two novel aspects: First, the framework provides automatic execution of dynamic compositions for endto-end functional descriptions even if functional nodes contained in that description are not directly compatible. Second, the framework approaches resource optimization based on simple rules, but with powerful means, such as deployment provisioning and migration of services and components within an ad hoc network.
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{kaefer2006_frame_res_constrain, title = "Framework for Dynamic Resource-Constrained Service Composition for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks", author = "Gerald Kaefer and Reiner Schmid and Guenter Prochart and Reinhold Weiss", note = "\url{http://www.ist-palcom.org/publications/files/position_paper.pdf}", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 8th Annual Conference on Ubiquitous Computing, workshop on System Support for Ubiquitous Computing", address = "Orange County", misc = "8th Annual Conference on Ubiquitous Computing, Orange County, 17th-21th September 2006, UbiComp 2006, Workshop on System Support for Ubiquitous Computing", year = "2006", }
	Active surfaces: a novel concept for end user composition
Author(s):	Erik Grønvall, Patricia Marti, Alessandro Pollini, Alessia Rullo
Proceeding/Journal/etc.	NordiCHI 2006. Oslo, Norway, 14-18 October 2006
Year:	2006
Abstract:	This paper describes the design process of a modular system for supporting physical and cognitive rehabilitation in the swimming pool. In such an environment, the therapist is called to creatively adapt rehabilitation protocols to the enhanced ability of the patients, often reacting to emerging behaviours enabled by the water. Therefore a strong technological requirement for such environment is to develop a modular system that can be configured and modified “on the fly” during the activity, exploiting the therapeutic properties of the water. To satisfy such a requirement the system of Active Surfaces has been developed. It consists of a number of position aware floating units, called tiles, able to communicate each other and to provide visual, acoustic and tactile feedback. By combining the different tiles the therapist can easily configure the dedicated tasks for the various typology of patients. The concept has been developed following the Palpable Computing approach, an innovative design paradigm complementing key features of ambient computing, such as invisibility and end-user composition of devices, with dual features (e.g., visibility and decomposition) that enable users to navigate, configure and influence the computing system.
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{gronvall2006_active_surfaces, title = "Active surfaces: a novel concept for end user composition", author = "Erik Grønvall and Patricia Marti and Alessandro Pollini and Alessia Rullo", note = "\url{http://www.ist-palcom.org/publications/files/NordiCHI_ActiveSurfaces_camera-ready.pdf}", booktitle = "NordiCHI 2006", address = "Oslo, Norway", misc = "NordiCHI 2006. Oslo, Norway, 14-18 October 2006", year = "2006", }
	Constructing assemblies for purposeful interactions
Author(s):	Alessandro Pollini, Erik Grønvall
Proceeding/Journal/etc.	MIRW 2006 (workshop) at MobileHCI 2006, Espoo, Finland, 12 September 2006
Year:	2006
Abstract:	This paper describes the development of a modular system of interactive tiles to support therapists’ in performing therapeutic activities together with impaired children in a swimming pool. This work is based upon a deep understanding of therapist work practice and it has been integrated with a creative approach along iterative design cycles. These activities created the foundation on which the Active Surfaces concept and prototype has been developed. Active Surfaces support mobile interactions and dynamic configuration of assemblies of tiles. Each tile represents an interactive unit, able to communicate with other tiles and to exchange data. A tile is always aware of its position in respect to the others and able to provide a meaningful feedback in the interaction with the users. This enables the Active Surfaces to engage in the therapeutic activities.
BibTeX:	@InProceedings{pollini2006_assemble_purposeful, title = "Constructing assemblies for purposeful interactions", author = "Alessandro